Another probable etymology is the Hausa word hu'du'ba which means resentment and retribution. The Akan word odu meaning medicine is also considered to be a possible etymological origin. Its origins are obscure but it's believed to originate as an alteration of the word voodoo – a word that has its origin in the Gbe languages such as Ewe language, Adja language and Fon languages of Ghana Togo and Benin – referring to divinity. The first documentation of the word Hoodoo in the English language appeared in 1870. Regional synonyms for Hoodoo include conjure or rootwork. Practitioners of Hoodoo are called rootworkers, conjure doctors, conjure man or conjure woman, root doctors, Hoodoo doctors, and swampers. Following the Great Migration of African-Americans, Hoodoo spread throughout the United States. This tradition is part of the African-American cultural heritage of spirituality and religion. Hoodoo is a syncretic spiritual system that combines Christianity, Islam brought over by enslaved West African Muslims, and Spiritualism. By the end of the colonial period, enslaved Africans were taken from Angola (40 percent), Senegambia (19.5 percent), the Windward Coast (16.3 percent), and the Gold Coast (13.3 percent), as well as the Bight of Benin and Bight of Biafra in smaller percentages. Over the first century of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, an estimated 52% of all kidnapped Africans (over 900,000 people) came from Central African countries like Cameroon, Congo, Angola, Central African Republic and Gabon. Many of the practices are similar to other African Diaspora traditions as the practices come from the Bakongo people in Central Africa. Hoodoo is an African Diaspora tradition created during the time of slavery in the United States and is an esoteric system of African-American occultism. Hoodoo evolved from various traditional African religions, practices, and in the American South incorporated various elements of indigenous botanical knowledge. Hoodoo is a set of spiritual practices, traditions, and beliefs created and concealed from slaveholders by enslaved Africans in North America.
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